hacker for hire philippines(How to Hire a Hacker)

Introduction：

1、What It Costs to Hire a Hacker on the Dark Web

hacker for hire philippines(How to Hire a Hacker)

What It Costs to Hire a Hacker on the Dark Web ♂

　　The Dark Web is home to illegal and criminal products and services up for sale —?and that certainly encompasses the area of cybercrime. From website hacking to DDoS attacks to custom malware to changing school grades, you can buy one of these services from a hacker for hire. But just how much do these types of items cost?

　　In this article, I examine various sources to show you the costs of hiring a hacker on the Dark Web. The idea is not to tempt you into a life of crime but to reveal the latest findings and improve your cybersecurity knowledge.

　　SEE: The Dark Web: A Guide for Business Professionals (Free PDF) (TechRepublic)

　　Before I examine the costs, just a brief word on how easy it is for nefarious individuals to find a hacker. According to research from accounting and consulting firm Crowe, “hacker-for-hire services are available in abundance on the Dark Web.” Payments are usually made using cryptocurrency assets to provide the highest level of anonymity.

　　If you’re wondering how big the Dark Web is, then cybersecurity software company Avast explains, “It’s difficult to measure dark web statistics, but it’s estimated that there are tens of millions of URLs on the dark web and tens of thousands of active dark web websites, including thousands of forums and marketplaces.”

　　These alarming facts mean the recruitment process is going to be fairly easy. There are many places to find hackers who are all eager to do unseemly business.

　　SEE: Dell Unveils AI and Cybersecurity Solutions at Microsoft Ignite 2024 (TechRepublic)

　　Hackers who offer distributed denial-of-service attacks can charge as low as $10 or as high as $750. Based on data from Privacy Affairs’ Dark Web Price Index 2023, $10 would buy you? DDoS attacks on an “Unprotected website, 10-50k requests per second, 1 hour.”

　　If it were a “premium protected website,” then a 24-hour attack would cost around $170.

　　Some hackers will charge by the hour or even by the month to maintain an attack for as long as the buyer wants.

　　Certain hackers will change search engine results to raise or lower a site’s rankings. Others will remove a post that the buyer made on a social network. Some hackers will audit a website’s security, seemingly to show the owner where any vulnerabilities exist.

　　SEE: Cybersecurity: Benefits and Best Practices (TechRepublic Premium)

　　Hackers specializing in personal attacks sell their services for $10 to over $600. A personal attack could include financial sabotage, legal trouble, or public defamation. One tactic touted by a hacker is to frame the victim as a buyer of child pornography. A few hackers offer such services as “scammer revenge” or “fraud tracking,” in which they attack a scammer.

　　Analysis from Crowe, whose team encountered a “hacker-for-hire services menu,” states that gaining access to personal information, addresses, phone numbers, emails, and relatives’ names will, on average, cost $600.

　　The Dark Web Price Index 2023 says a U.S. passport scan could cost as low as $50, which is the price of forged documents.

　　Website hacking includes attacks against websites and other services hosted online. Hackers can access an underlying web server or a website’s administrative panel. Others can steal databases and administrative credentials.

　　Crowe’s investigation reveals that website and database hacking costs, on average, $1,200. This kind of activity might entail gaining access to the admin dashboard or backend.

　　Based on Crowe’s findings, a computer and phone hacking service runs $950 on average. In this type of attack, the hacker breaks into the victim’s PC or phone to steal data or deploy malware. The operating system doesn’t seem to matter as they boast that they can access Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, or iOS.

　　SEE: Everything You Need to Know about the Malvertising Cybersecurity Threat (TechRepublic Premium)

　　Hacking into a social media account can range from $20 to $500+. In this service, the hacker will spy on or hijack accounts from such platforms as WhatsApp, Facebook, social platform X, Instagram, Skype, Telegram, TikTok, Snapchat, and Reddit. The malicious activity depends on the service. Criminals who hack into a victim’s Facebook or X account will often steal credentials to give the buyer full access to the account. Those who tap into an account from WhatsApp will likely spy on messages or take screenshots.

　　According to Crowe’s data, email hacking sells for $700 on average. In this activity, the hacker steals the victim’s email password and then either gives that password to the buyer or breaks into the account to access data. In some cases, the criminal may set up an email forwarded process to get a copy of all the victim’s emails.

　　SEE: Engaging Executives: How to Present Cybersecurity in a Way That Resonates (TechRepublic)

　　Students who want a higher grade can actually pay someone to hack into a school system and alter their grades. Available for both grade schools and universities, this is one of the most common hacking services and one of the most expensive. As a sideline, some hackers also say they can steal the answers to future exams. So, that means a student can get an A+ for exam results but an F- for ethical behavior.

　　According to Crowe, hackers offer access to databases for grading software managed by universities. This kind of service isn’t cheap; the average cost is $1,600.

　　As we can see from the range of threats and remarkably low prices, the dangers of hacking require individuals and businesses to remain constantly vigilant.

　　I recommend monitoring the Dark Web Price Index, as it’s a useful resource that shows trending attacks.

　　Other actions you can take can include employee awareness training, robust antivirus measures, penetration testing, and even employing an ethical hacker to proactively identify and address vulnerabilities in your organization.

How to Hire a Hacker ♂

　　One of the things that I am regularly asked by journalists is how do I get a coder to help me with my project?. Don’t be deceived into thinking this is a one-way process; civic-minded hackers and data-wranglers are often just as keen to get in touch with journalists.

　　Journalists are power-users of data driven tools and services. From the perspective of developers: journalists think outside the box to use data tools in contexts developers haven’t always considered before (feedback is invaluable!) they also help to build context and buzz around projects and help to make them relevant. It is a symbiotic relationship.

　　Fortunately, this means that whether you are looking to hire a hacker or looking for possible collaborations on a shoestring budget, there will more than likely be someone out there who is interested in helping you.

　　So how do you find them? Says Aron Pilhofer from the New York Times:

　　You may find that your organzation already has people with all the skills you need, but they are not necessarily already in your newsroom. Wander around, visit the technology and IT departments and you are likely to strike gold. It is also important to appreciate coder culture, come across someone who has a computer that looks like the one here…

　　Here are a few more ideas:

　　Once you’ve found a hacker, how do you know if they are any good? We asked Alastair Dant, the Guardian’s Lead Interactive Technologist, for his views on how to spot a good one:

　　How To Find Your Dream Developer

　　The productivity difference between a good and a great developer is not linear, it’s exponential. Hiring well is extremely important. Unfortunately, hiring well is also very difficult. It’s hard enough to vet candidates if you are not an experienced technical manager. Add to that the salaries that news organzations can afford to pay, and you’ve got quite a challenge.

　　At Tribune, we recruit with two angles: an emotional appeal and a technical appeal. The emotional appeal is this: Journalism is essential to a functioning democracy. Work here and you can change the world. Technically, we promote how much you’ll learn. Our projects are small, fast and iterative. Every project is a new set of tools, a new language, a new topic (fire safety, the pension system) that you must learn. The newsroom is a crucible. I’ve never managed a team that has learned so much, so fast, as our team.

　　As for where to look, we’ve had great luck finding great hackers in the open government community. The Sunlight Labs mailing list is where do-gooder nerds with shitty day jobs hang out at night. Another potential resource is Code for America. Every year, a group of fellows emerges from CfA, looking for their next big project. And as a bonus, CfA has a rigorous interview process?—?they’ve already done the vetting for you. Nowadays, programming-interested journalists are also emerging from journalism schools. They’re green, but they’ve got tons of potential.

Hack for Hire ♂

　　October 1, 2019

　　PDF

　　A single email address often underpins one's entire online identity, from banks, to business, to social media profiles and more. This identity is used not only when registering for this multitude of services, but also when passwords for these services must be reset. Thus, an attacker gaining access to an email account poses the risk of compromising all the other services tied to that account as well. Politicians, journalists, and cryptocurrency folks have all been the victims of targeted attacks that started with access to their email accounts that then wreaked havoc on other online accounts tied to those email accounts.3, 7, 9

　　Since email accounts can provide a wealth of information, many types of attacks target them: password guessing, access token theft, password reset fraud, and phishing, to name a few. Email providers have added mechanisms such as security questions, spam filtering, and two-factor authentication to limit the success rate of these attacks.4, 5, 6, 12 These defenses prevent many compromises, thus increasing the sophistication and time needed to access accounts. Targeted attackers, however, are willing to put in the extra effort needed to access an account in the face of these large-scale defenses.

　　While targeted attacks are often thought of as requiring nation-state capabilities, there is an emerging black market for "hack-for-hire" services, which provide targeted attacks to anyone willing to pay a modest fee. These services purport to be able to break into the accounts of a variety of different email providers, an example of which is shown in figure 1. As these services are just emerging, little is known about how they attack their victims and how much of a risk they pose.

　　To understand this risk, we investigated the hack-for-hire black market, identifying 27 retail email account hacking services and purchasing these services from them. Using covert identities, we engaged with these services to break into purported "victims"—in truth, Google accounts that we controlled. Working with Google, we recorded both our interactions with the hijackers and how these hijackers tried to attack our victims.

　　As a whole, the targeted hijacking black market was riddled with scams, but a handful of services launched sophisticated attacks that leveraged phishing as their main attack vector. These attacks were persistent, personalized, and able to bypass SMS 2FA (two-factor authentication). Using signals derived from these attacks to identify other victims, we estimate that attackers target about one in every million Google accounts. Given the sophistication of the phishing attacks, we believe that the best line of defense for at-risk users is to protect accounts with U2F (Universal 2nd Factor) security keys as a 2FA mechanism. U2F security keys protect against sophisticated phishing attacks because the U2F protocol validates the domain before sending the 2FA code, preventing a user from getting phished. Though the focus of this investigation was on Google accounts, the lessons learned generalize well across email providers.

　　Discovery of services

　　The investigation of hack-for-hire services began by searching English, Chinese, and Russian black market forums for advertisements related to targeted account hijacking. We also searched Google for hijacking-specific keywords to identify services with public-facing storefronts, and we contacted the abuse teams of large Internet companies for leads on any such services they were tracking. In all, 27 prospective hack-for-hire services were identified. The majority of these services advertised in Russian, and ranged anywhere in price from $23 to $500 per contract.

　　Posing as a buyer

　　For every hack-for-hire service contacted, we communicated via a unique "buyer persona" to protect our identity and to avoid linking our interactions across services. Each persona involved selecting a name in the native language of the hack-for-hire service. For example, if the service advertised in Russian, then we chose a common first and last name in Russian for our persona. We also created a Google account for each persona to use for all email communication. For non-English services, a native speaker performed all translation when communicating.

　　Selecting a victim

　　When contracting hack-for-hire services, we created a victim persona to serve as a target. The victim persona was given a large digital footprint to craft a realistic online presence. This meant creating a name and Google account for the victim in a similar fashion to the buyer persona. The victim persona's inbox was populated with a subset of messages from the Enron email corpus to give the impression that the Google account was in active use.2 We replaced the names and other identifying information from the Enron messages with the victim's information. Moreover, the victim persona's Gmail address was protected by SMS 2FA, the most widely used form of 2FA today.1 This was used to determine if the hack-for-hire services would be able to bypass this type of protection.

　　In addition, we created a webpage that advertised a small business that the victim either owned or worked at. We purchased the domains of the webpages from auction to ensure each domain had prior history. We also purchased privacy protection for each of the domains to protect the registration information (one recent study showed that 20 percent of domains are protected in this fashion, so we did not expect privacy protection to raise any red flags8). This webpage linked to the victim's email address, as well as a fictitious associate's email address. In this way we could determine if the hack-for-hire services would attack the associate as a way to gain access to the victim. We also created a Facebook page for the victim to see if the hack-for-hire services would use it in their attacks. All items on the Facebook page were private (a public user would not be able to see these items) except the About Me section, where the victim's webpage was listed (as a personal advertisement for the victim's business).

　　Monitoring attacks

　　Because of uncertainty over which attack methods these hack-for-hire services would use, we created an extensive monitoring infrastructure that would inform us when an unauthorized user entered and modified the Google account. We also monitored the websites to record all visitors. This monitoring infrastructure contained: (1) a Google app script for Gmail in every account; (2) Google logs; and (3) a network capture of all traffic to the fictitious websites.

　　The Google app script loaded into Gmail for each account was a modification from one used in a previous study.11 The Google app script would send information to a server controlled via a proxy indicating whether the script was still connected to the account and whether there were any changes to the account. For example, the Google app script would indicate whether a new message had appeared in the inbox or spam folders, if a message was moved to trash, or if any messages marked as unread were read by a user. This logging recorded the actions of the attackers once they were in the account.

　　We also were able to analyze any login activity to our victim personas' Google accounts. These logs, captured and analyzed by our Google colleagues, recorded login attempts into the account and their origins, brute-force attempts, and whether 2FA was triggered on the account for a suspicious login attempt.

　　Finally, we captured all network traffic to each victim persona's website. As already mentioned, the website address was linked on the About Me section of the victim's Facebook page. If an attacker was able to find the website via the Facebook page, this would be apparent in the network capture. The network capture would also show if any of the hacking attempts to the Google accounts were from the same IP addresses that were visiting the webpages.

　　Legal and ethical considerations

　　Since this study involved engaging with actors that were performing illegal activities, there were legal and ethical questions to consider.

　　Legally, there were two concerns: unauthorized access into Google accounts and violating Google's terms of service. In the United States, as in many other countries, unauthorized access into an electronic account is illegal. Hiring services to perform this act could be considered aiding and abetting; however, since the email accounts were directly under our control and we were acting in collaboration with the service provider (Google), we were explicitly authorizing entities to access our accounts. Moreover, creating fake Google accounts violates Google's terms of service, but this study was approved by both Google and the general counsel for UC San Diego, before the work was started.

　　Although this study is not considered human rights research by our institutional review board because we were measuring organizational behaviors and not behaviors of an individual, there were other ethical considerations. By creating fictitious victim and buyer personas, we removed the possibility of any individual being harmed during this study. Moreover, we interacted with these services within the scope of their terms and paid them if they were successful. We believe the lessons learned from this study outweigh the cost of supporting these services by paying them.

　　The controlled experiment and logging infrastructure allowed examination of the playbook that attackers use to take over a victim account. Only five of the 27 services we contacted actually attempted to break into the victim's Google account. Note that the "success" of a hack-for-hire service was dependent on our actions: in some cases, we provided the password or 2FA code when prompted by a phishing page, while in other cases we did not in order to see how the service would adapt.

　　Overall, we never observed any brute-force login attempts, communication with the victim's Facebook account, or communication with the associate's email. Of the five services that attempted to gain access to the account, one sent the victim malware executable via an email message. While we were not able to run the executable in a virtual machine sandbox, VirusTotal reported that the malware executable was a remote access trojan. The other four services used phishing as their primary attack vector. We share our key findings here, but more details can be found in the full paper.10

　　Email lures and phishing

　　All of the attacks started with an email lure to the victim account. These lures impersonated some trusted or authority figure, presumably to spur the victim into clicking on the link. There were five types of lures across all phishing messages: those impersonating an associate persona, a bank, a stranger, a government entity, or Google. These are shown in figure 2. The associate lures leveraged trust to get the user to click on an "image" (which led to a phishing page), while the stranger lures consisted of an unknown person emailing the user with an "image" or link. However, the government, bank, and Google lures conveyed a sense of urgency in their messages. Figure 3 shows examples of a government lure (translated into English) and a Google lure.

　　On average, attackers sent 10 messages over the course of 25 days and used different lures during their persistent attacks. Figure 2 illustrates this behavior, showing the time since the attackers sent their first email message, the type of lure for each message, and when we clicked on the lure (potentially halting any future attempts). An X indicates when we clicked on a link in a message sent to a victim. Each row corresponds to one victim and numbers on the right denote the total number of emails sent by a service. The most popular lure mimicked Google, followed by associates, then lures from strangers.

　　Of the services that sent personalized lures, all but one asked the buyer persona for more details ahead of time (such as the name and email address of a known associate). One service was able to construct personalized lures without additional information from the buyer persona, indicating that this service searched and found the online website constructed for the victim. We also purchased two other contracts from this service, however, and in both cases the operator asked the buyer persona for details on the victim. These differences in behavior suggest that these services have multiple people working behind them.

　　As mentioned previously, all but one of the services relied on phishing as their main attack vector. Clicking on the phishing link took us to a landing page that looked like the Google login page. After entering our password, we were taken to a page that prompted us for our 2FA code. All of the services that were able to access the account did so by phishing the SMS 2FA code, bypassing this security protection.

　　Live adaptation

　　While most of the services accounted for the 2FA code in their initial phishing flow, two exhibited phishing attacks that adapted to obstacles. These two services, in their initial phishing flow, did not account for a 2FA code. Their phishing flow collected the password and then tried to log into the Google account, which was successfully blocked by 2FA. After realizing this, both services sent the victim additional email messages with a different structure from the ones previously sent. One of these two services sent a new message that, when clicked, would request both the password and the 2FA code. The other service also changed its flow to account for the 2FA code, and in doing so sent phishing messages that looked similar to those sent from a third service. These similarities suggest the use of common tools among services.

　　Note that these services were able to bypass 2FA because they phished the SMS 2FA code from the user. As mentioned previously, SMS 2FA is the most widely used form of 2FA, and we wanted to see if those who use it would be susceptible to a hypothetical hack-for-hire attack. To prevent hack-for-hire services from gaining access to an account, at-risk populations should use a security key as their 2FA protection, as that code is unphishable.

　　Post compromise

　　Upon gaining access to a victim's account, hack-for-hire services start to remove any evidence of compromise and ensure their ability to regain access if needed. Services that gained access to our victim accounts proceeded to sign in to each account and remove all Google email notifications related to a new device sign-in from both the inbox and trash. None of the services changed the password, but we did observe three services remove the 2FA authentication and recovery number from our victim accounts quickly after they gained entry. We presume they took this step to ensure the buyer could gain access to the account and so that the service itself could regain access to the account, but we did not see any service log into the account after the initial login. In essence, the services took precautions to remove their digital footprint from the Google accounts they were breaking into.

　　Once the email account was accessed, all but one of the services initiated a portability feature in Google called Takeout, allowing them to download the victim account's email content, and provided the parcel of information to the buyer persona. Only one service avoided logging into our victim account and provided the password to the buyer persona without using it first. These findings highlight an emerging risk with data portability and regulations around streamlining access to user data. While intended to improve usability for users, capabilities such as Takeout also increase the ease with which a single hijacking can expose all user data to a service. Since this study, Google has added more step-up verification on sensitive account actions.

　　Based on our findings from this process, we analyzed the forums of the most successful services to understand their pricing for other services. Moreover, we present an estimate of the number of real victims affected by these services based on login traces from Google. Our findings suggest this market is quite niche.

　　Alternate services and pricing

　　While our investigation focused mainly on Google—because of legal constraints—many of the hack-for-hire services we interacted with also purported to be capable of breaking into other types of accounts. Figure 4 shows the prices of the hack-for-hire services as of October 10, 2018. All prices are in US dollars, converted from rubles. An * indicates that the service's advertised price was lower than the final payout requested.

　　Across these five services, hijacking Russian email providers was the least expensive offering, while hijacking a Google or Yahoo account was the most expensive. Breaking into a social media account fell in the middle of these two extremes. The advertisements for one of the services exhibited prices that changed over time, shown in figure 5. The price of Google account hacking increased the most—from $123 to $384 per account over two years—while the cost of Russian email provider hacking has remained largely the same. These differences and price changes are probably the result of a multitude of factors such as demand, changes in security, and competition from other services.

　　Victims over time

　　Of the 27 unique services we contracted, only three were able to log into the victim email accounts successfully. Google analyzed associated metadata with the successful login attempts and found that all three services relied on an identical automation process for password validity checks, bypassing any security obstacles such as 2FA, and downloading the victim email archive. While the email sender and delivery addresses differed among the various contracts, the login automation process was the same across the eight months these services were contracted. Google was able to create a signature for this automated login fingerprint and retroactively analyze how many Gmail accounts had a suspicious login attempt.

　　Google identified 372 accounts targeted by this automated login framework from March 16, 2018, to October 15, 2018, or about one in every 1 million Google users. Figure 6 shows the weekly breakdown of the number of targeted Google accounts. Be aware that these numbers are lower bounds, since we cannot infer how many users were targeted by these services but did not click on the link (or provide their information to grant access), only how many users had an account that was accessed by these services. Despite these limitations, the volume of activity for hack-for-hire services is quite small when compared with other services such as off-the-shelf phishing kits, which impact more than 12 million users a year.13 We suspect that the hack-for-hire market is small compared with other markets, such as malware distribution.

　　Overall, hack-for-hire services charging $100-$400 per contract were found to produce sophisticated, persistent, and personalized attacks that were able to bypass 2FA via phishing. The demand for these services, however, appears to be limited to a niche market, as evidenced by the small number of discoverable services, an even smaller number of successful services, and the fact that these attackers target only about one in a million Google users. Moreover, this market suffers from poor customer service, as many of the services were slow or inconsistent in their responses to our buyer personas.

　　Regardless of the behavior of the market, this study sheds light on the importance of security keys for populations who believe they are at risk, as only a security key can protect a user from the attacks viewed in this study. As the market evolves and defenses change, however, attacks might also change and shift from phishing to more persistent threats such as malware.

　　In conjunction with this study, Google introduced two new defenses to help protect against MITM (man-in-the-middle) phishing, which in turn would protect against these services. Google now runs additional heuristics when you log in, and also prevents some forms of automated login frameworks. In addition, two of the services have nearly doubled the price of hacking Google accounts since Google rolled out the new protections to users, although it is not known if this price hike is coincidental or was caused by the increased Google protections.

　　Acknowledgments

　　The author thanks the co-authors of the original research publication for their help and feedback in writing this article: Kurt Thomas, Geoffrey M. Voelker, Joe DeBlasio, and Stefan Savage. We would also like to thank Mikhail Kolomogorov for his significant assistance with translating email messages, as well as translation help from Kirill Levchenko, Vector Guo Li, and Ivan Mikhailin. Our thanks to Shawn Loveland for providing additional leads on underground hack-for-hire services. We thank Elie Bursztein, Angelika Moscicki, Tadek Pietraszek, and Kashyap Puranik for their feedback on the original research study. We are also thankful to the editors for their feedback. This work was supported in part by NSF grants CNS-1629973 and CNS-1705050, and DHS grant AFRL-FA8750-18-2-0087.

　　References

　　1. Anise, O., Lady, K. 2017. State of the auth: experiences and perceptions of multi-factor authentication. Duo Security; https://duo.com/blog/state-of-the-auth-experiences-and-perceptions-of-multi-factor-authentication.

　　2. Cohen, W. W. 2015. Enron email dataset; https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~enron/.

　　3. Coonce, S. 2019. The most expensive lesson of my life: details of SIM port hack; https://medium.com/coinmonks/the-most-expensive-lesson-of-my-life-details-of-sim-port-hack-35de11517124.

　　4. Google. Protect users with the Advanced Protection Program; https://support.google.com/a/answer/9010419.

　　5. Google. Protect your business with 2-Step Verification; https://support.google.com/a/answer/175197.

　　6. Google. Verify a user's identity with extra security; https://support.google.com/a/answer/6002699.

　　7. Honan, M. 2012. How Apple and Amazon security flaws led to my epic hacking. Wired; https://www.wired.com/2012/08/apple-amazon-mat-honan-hacking/.

　　8. Liu, S., Foster, I., Savage, S., Voelker, G. M., Saul, L. K. 2015. Who is .com? Learning to parse WHOIS records. In Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), 369-380; https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2815675.2815693.

　　9. Matishak, M. 2016. How Podesta became a cybersecurity poster child. Politico; https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/john-podesta-cybersecurity-hacked-emails-230122.

　　10. Mirian, A., DeBlasio, J., Savage, S., Voelker, G. M., Thomas, K. 2019. Hack for hire: exploring the emerging market for account hijacking. In Proceedings of the World Wide Web Conference (WWW), 1279-1289; https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3313489.

　　11. Onaolapo, J., Mariconti, E., Stringhini, G. 2016. What happens after you are pwnd: understanding the use of leaked webmail credentials in the wild. In Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), 65-79; https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2987475.

　　12. Thomas, K., Huang, D. Y., Wang, D., Bursztein, E., Grier, C., Holt, T., Kruegel, C., McCoy, D., Savage, S., Vigna G. 2015. Framing dependencies introduced by underground commoditization. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS).

　　13. Thomas, K., Li, F., Zand, A., Barrett, J., Ranieri, J., Invernizzi, L., Markov, Y., Comanescu, O., Eranti, V., Moscicki, A., Margolis, D., Paxson, V., Bursztein, E. 2017. Data breaches, phishing, or malware?: understanding the risks of stolen credentials. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, 1421-1434; https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3134067.

　　Criminal Code

　　The Making of a Cybercriminal

　　Thomas Wadlow, Vlad Gorelik

　　https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1180192

　　The Seven Deadly Sins of Linux Security

　　Avoid these common security risks like the devil

　　Bob Toxen

　　https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1255423

　　The Web Won't Be Safe or Secure until We Break It

　　Assume every Web site you visit knows exactly who you are.

　　Jeremiah Grossman

　　https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2390758

　　Ariana Mirian is a Ph.D. student at UC San Diego in the computer science and engineering department, where she is advised by Stefan Savage and Geoff Voelker. Her work focuses on understanding security and privacy via an empirical lens. Specifically, she is interested in using large-scale empirical analysis to understand user behavior and how to better protect average users from harm on the Internet.

　　Originally published in Queue vol. 17, no. 4—

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What It Costs to Hire a Hacker on the Dark Web ♂

How to Hire a Hacker ♂

Hack for Hire ♂

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